Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance

Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Performance Less sleep causes less focus on academic performance. Sleep deprivation is a problem when it comes to academic performance; therefore students should learn how to manage their time and get enough sleep. Many have argued and many others agreed that sleep deprivation does have a big effect on the performance of students in school. For those who don t agree probably think that sleep deprivation has nothing to do with the bad performance of students on a daily basis. Everyone has their own excuses for not getting the 7-8 hours of sleep that the body needs to get before a following school night, but what studies have shown and the facts that prove show that sleep deprivation has a huge effect on academic performance, making it a problem to focus more in school and also being able to actually process information taught, when the reality is students just need to manage their time to get more sleep beforehand. Students tend to say they can t get enough sleep because too much work is given. In a way that is true, but what students don t understand is that without time management without planning ahead, getting the right 7 to 8 hours of sleep becomes difficult leading to stress and sleep deprivation. Time managing and planning ahead to get work done quicker helps by giving students much more managed time to then be able to process information to academically achieve in school and also adds a better lifestyle becoming moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 Pages The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditory dysfunctionRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance852 Words   |  4 Pagesundergraduate students is sleep deprivation. I am interested in this topic not simply because I am a student in the School of Public Health, but because I am an undergraduate student that is also affected by the lack of adequate sleep. Topic Definition Development For the Research Review Article, I wanted to understand how sleep deprivation affects undergraduates’ academic performance. My topic question is as follow: What is the underlining cause of sleep deprivation in undergraduate studentsRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of College Students Sleep is something that every human experiences nearly every night. It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as th ey persist throughRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 PagesEng 112.0004 Mrs. B. Peterson October 13, 2017 Sleep deprivation Thesis Statement: Sleep deprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive andRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep On Undergraduate Academic Performance1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Sleep on Undergraduate Academic Performance There are only a few needs of humans that are essential for survival. These include food, water, oxygen, and sleep (Gilbert Weaver, 2010). A lack of any of these fundamental needs can be detrimental to human functioning (Orzel-Gryglewska, 2010). The effects of sleep deprivation are numerous. Without sleep humans can be irritable, distracted, forgetful, and even experience hallucinations. There are even diseases associated with continualRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, whichRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four hours, sleep has rarely been prio ritised in college. Psychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong,

Carrers In EAC Assignment 8 Essay - 1258 Words

Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early Childhood Education Assignment 8_08 01-08-2015 Scenario 1: Part AFredrick Frobel believed that children learn when they are lively and free. He also believed that children’s education should be based on their interests and their active involvement. An activity using Frobel’s’ parquet gifts for 3 – 5 year olds would need to be simple enough that they would be able to manipulate the pieces involved and complex enough to challenge their minds. To start our activity I would take thin pieces of wood about 10x10 inches. I would outline a very simple drawing of different animals on the pieces of wood. The children can use the parquet shapes to fill the animal in, or to trace the outline of the†¦show more content†¦Scenario 3: Letter Formation Drills Letters don’t have to be precise and artistic; they should be fairly constant and readable. They should not float like a balloon or sink below the line and should be formed from the top and not the bottom. Practice forming letters with letter formation drills promotes reading and writing for all children. Children with a visual impairment may have the materials modified. Use brightly colored pens with a black contrasting paper. Enlarge all workbook pages and lined paper, double lines work well for children with visual impairment. For children with epilepsy traditional approaches need to be modified. Some student struggle with motor skills as a result of their epilepsy and they are especially vulnerable to inattention and work incompletion. Further breaking down the letters into simpler steps has been proven to promote writing skills in a child with epilepsy. A few easy steps can be taken to ensure the classroom is suitable for hearing impaired students. When possible, turn off equipment that creates background noises, such as fans and projectors, when not in use. Eliminating extra noise helps students with hearing impairments focus on the class lecture and assignments. Remember that hearing aids amplify every sound, including tapping pencils and air conditioners. Area rugs and heavy curtains can also eliminate a great deal of extraneous noise. Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early

Love and Divine Love Essay Example For Students

Love and Divine Love Essay Wine has the power to affect all organs, also manipulating the senses. Love affects every single body part as well, not a single hair strand able to miss the emotion that finds its way into the flesh and skin. A similar comparison is wine takes the shape of the container that it is in whether it be in the body or a cup. Thus, wine always comes in a cup, even in the Sura that describes wine in Paradise. Love takes on the shape of the lover and his receptiveness or preparedness for the emotion itself. These comparisons are illustrated in Ghazal 10 which speaks of a person who seems to be drunk walking around town with a flask in hand. As his curls disheveled, sweating, laughing shirt torn, the speaker has lost much of his self-control, losing mind and body. If replaced with love, one could easily see the speaker losing touch with the world as he dazes around intoxicated with such a high emotion. Similarly, in the last lines, one can picture the speakers flask being overfilled and spilling on the ground. As the wine cups smile have broken many vows of repentance, Hafiz had vows of repentance to be ready for the love. Yet his container so to speak, was not yet receptive or prepared. Once again, Hafiz draws a clear comparison between wine and love by mentioning an infidel to love if he will not worship wine. Yet at the same time, he states to not be a drunkard and be content with ones own material wealth: dont quibble with those who drink the dregs,/for on the eve of Creation this was all they gave us. The ascetic aspect of Sufism is referenced here to point out that drinking is only used metaphorically rather than explicitly. A basic Sufi concept is to rid the self of egoism to get to the level of fana. Wine has the ability to throw a person down from glory, from egotistical seats to becoming humble. Love has the same capacity; once in love, ones place in time and space is erased. In Hafizs Love Awakening, the speaker believes love to be an easy thing then realizes the awakening. A method that the speaker reached this conclusion is through the drinking of wine which is spoken of in the first two lines. Allowing wine upon the prayer-mat flow, the speaker gives up inhibition because he has began to realize the process of attaining love to be difficult. He knows the arduous path that he must follow by saying Its ways and manners well doth know. Yet he has lost his egoism by the last lines of the poem, stating Be lost at last to time and space. This represents the speakers loss of glory, from his state of believing to know the entire world to realizing that complications in the spiritual and sensual world do exist. At the same time, there is a difference drawn upon wine and love: Fill up, and pass it round the ring shows how easy it is to become intoxicated by wine. Yet the poems subject is the hardships of love and how difficult it is to attain true love. This contrast denotes how absurd it is to become intoxicated by wine when actual intoxication with Gods love is much more genuine. The element of humor is also similar with wine and love. There is the lifting of the veil of modesty and shame and the disappearance of self-esteem and apprehension. When the intoxication of love becomes overpowering, the lover turns away from all of these, sits in joy and pulls away from everything opposed to it. A case in point is Hafizs The Riddle of Life, the title revealing the element of love and Divine Love that is present in the poem. .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .postImageUrl , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:visited , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:active { border:0!important; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:active , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the attitudes to love presented in the poems 'To His Coy Mistress', by Andrew Marvell, and 'Porphyria's Lover', by Robert Browning EssayIn the second stanza, the tavern-wench is personified as a lover, carrying many human traits such as arching eyebrows. Egoism once again comes about when this lover says So long as thou in all created things/seest but thyself the centre and the end, reprimanding the speaker for doing so. Although the readers poor heart in such a fashion spurns, he learns his lesson at the end by mentioning Hearken the wisdom of the tavern-daughter! After his mind and body are overpowered by the wine/love, he is able to sit back and overcome the sel f (similar to Love Awakening). Wine can also be replaced with Divine Love, as it is mentioned with the holy city of intoxication. God is already on his mind (the wine-cup on the wing), and then he wishes to reach God as it is similar to a state of ecstasy. . Wine can elate the spirit allowing the soul to take flight into higher realities. When intoxicated with Divine Love, one can forget the material world as it is. In summary, wine is the main subject of this poem, yet can be analyzed as love (which wine is personified as) and Divine Love (religion referred to in the ridding of the self and holy intoxication). Wine and the intoxication it brings are the image that expresses Divine Love in all its joyful abandon, painful longing, bewilderment, and surrender. Therefore, Hafiz used this image, but would not have been a hypocrite that consumed wine considering his religious background. With the words, The only wise course for me now/Is to depart bag and baggage for the tavern/And sit there happily./I must grasp the wine-cup/And avoid the society of the hypocrites, it seems like he is one of them, but instead he is embracing Divine Love in order to avoid the hypocrites that he speaks about. Yet while so many similarities exist, differences between wine and love show why being intoxicated with God rather than wine is much more preferable. Wine is only a comparison for love, but there are differences too. The debate can be countered by how absurd it is to be intoxicated physically when the intoxication of mystical unveiling is infinitely more real and desirable. Wine is complete ignorance and forgetfulness of all that is necessary. It shows the way of the descending degrees of remoteness and punishment to those who are far from God. Love is perfect awareness and consciousness of the Beloved. It increases elevation in the ascending degrees of proximity for those who are near to Him. Once reaching Paradise, one will drink with God and have dialogue with him as Hafiz does in Now that bowl at every flower:  Yesterday the Doctor of Divinity fell drunk  And proclaimed in a Fatwa  Although drinking is illegal  Living in an endowed institution is worse.  Wine is the reward to be enjoyed in Paradise. Yet it is the main mechanism to connect the spiritual and human worlds so that all can relate to Divine Love with the language of poetry.

System Analyst Essays - Systems Analysis, Systems Analyst

System Analyst Systems Analyst analyses, designs and implements the information gathered previously to a system, the final product which is a report of yearly sales, profits, etc. The first thing a Systems Analyst does is to interview the company which wants the report, (called the user) to find out what kind of report they want, format, etc. They must find whether the report is feasible or not, and to find out, they do an analysis of the project. To analyze the project, they must find out where are they going to get the information, how, when is the project going to be done, etc. They then design the system, which is to make a'skeleton' of the project. They write specifications, of what is to be in the final report. They do flowcharting, specifications for the programmers of the report, and development control. Development control is where the Systems Analyst works with the programmers along a critical path. A critical path is like a due date, if the report is to be done in thirty days, the Systems Analyst makes sure the report is done in thirty days. The Systems Analyst also follows the first analysis of when the project will be finished. The critical path also calculates how many man hours it will take to finish, etc. A critical path flowchart also helps the programmers along. After the development is finished and a prototype of the report is finished, the Systems Analyst helps the programmers in testing the program for bugs. This is similar to quality control. The Systems Analyst helps to makes sure the work is done until the final report is achieved. Once the final report is finished and free of bugs, it is sent to the user. The Systems Analyst has a big job to do, he/she is responsible for the design, the development, and implementation of the report, ie: what purpose will it serve, presentation, etc. The Systems Analyst creates and helps finish the final product, making all the specifications and charts for what is to be done. A Systems Analyst requires a computer science degree to get the job. He/She must have good analytical skills, (to be able to analyze for the report) good communication skills, and experience in programming is a help also. Basically a Systems Analyst is responsible for systems projects, from beginning to the end of a project, and they must implement the system to good use. The Systems Analyst then must follow up to make sure the program is running smoothly.

Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis

Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"painlessly putting individuals to death for merciful reasons, as when a doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patient.† (Beauchamp, Encarta) Leon Kass, a physician himself, believes that euthanasia is morally wrong. At the same time, if a patient voluntarily submits himself or herself to death, also known as voluntary euthanasia, can the physician be held responsible for murder, whereas if he was making the decision for someone who cannot make the decision, also known as non-voluntary euthanasia. At the same time, can it be that euthanasia is not morally wrong but yet, could be the saving grace for some people? The first part of the article Kass mentions about voluntary euthanasia and the belief that the doctors, out of respect for the patient, would be forced to abide by the requests of the patients. But yet in the next paragraph of the discussions, he mentions about non-voluntary euthanasia, and the pure belief that the doctor cannot make a decision based on medical terms. Yet Kass deems non-voluntary euthanasia to be completely illegal. If a person is suffering from massive internal bleeding and is bound to die, or is completely comatose for ten to fifteen years and shows no signs of change, why should a doctor be bound to treat these people, and our health-care professions be bound to keep these people alive, when there’s little to no hope for them. The choice must be used with regard and care for people surrounding the patient. Kass also makes recognition â€Å"about the healer cannot annihilate is he is truly a healer† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) as well as the comparison that a doctor can attempt to heal and very well end up killing the person. The reference that Kass makes is â€Å"Giving adequate morphine to control pain might induce respiratory depression leading to death.† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) If an attempt to heal a person would end up killing a ... Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"painlessly putting individuals to death for merciful reasons, as when a doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patient.† (Beauchamp, Encarta) Leon Kass, a physician himself, believes that euthanasia is morally wrong. At the same time, if a patient voluntarily submits himself or herself to death, also known as voluntary euthanasia, can the physician be held responsible for murder, whereas if he was making the decision for someone who cannot make the decision, also known as non-voluntary euthanasia. At the same time, can it be that euthanasia is not morally wrong but yet, could be the saving grace for some people? The first part of the article Kass mentions about voluntary euthanasia and the belief that the doctors, out of respect for the patient, would be forced to abide by the requests of the patients. But yet in the next paragraph of the discussions, he mentions about non-voluntary euthanasia, and the pure belief that the doctor cannot make a decision based on medical terms. Yet Kass deems non-voluntary euthanasia to be completely illegal. If a person is suffering from massive internal bleeding and is bound to die, or is completely comatose for ten to fifteen years and shows no signs of change, why should a doctor be bound to treat these people, and our health-care professions be bound to keep these people alive, when there’s little to no hope for them. The choice must be used with regard and care for people surrounding the patient. Kass also makes recognition â€Å"about the healer cannot annihilate is he is truly a healer† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) as well as the comparison that a doctor can attempt to heal and very well end up killing the person. The reference that Kass makes is â€Å"Giving adequate morphine to control pain might induce respiratory depression leading to death.† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) If an attempt to heal a person would end up killing a ...

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 By Mark Nichol The Oxford Dictionaries recently publicized its Word of the Year for 2017 and the runner-up shortlist, and the selections, and a comparison of them with those of Merriam-Webster, are intriguing. The Oxford Dictionaries (part of Oxford University Press) and Merriam-Webster, publishers of the predominant dictionaries in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively, select a Word of the Year (and a shortlist of runners-up) each year, as do other dictionary publishers, and the primary criterion for selection is the same: Visitors to the respective publishers’ online dictionaries looked up the chosen word, and those in the shortlist, significantly more often than most other words. (These words, not coincidentally, tend to reflect the sociopolitical zeitgeist and are likely to have lasting cultural significance.) Two aspects of the shortlists interested me. First, the two lists have no words in common. Second, although I read widely and I was familiar with the circumstances by which nearly all the words on both lists had become so prominent, I had not encountered most of the terms on the Oxford Dictionaries list, though the meanings for some of them are (for me, at least) easily deduced. The top word, according to the Oxford Dictionaries, is youthquake, which reflects the significance of an unexpectedly strong turnout of younger voters in the 2017 snap election in the United Kingdom and an election in New Zealand later in the year. The term, which refers to a significant change prompted by young people, was actually coined in 1965 by Diana Vreeland, then editor of Vogue magazine, but it has maintained a low profile over the past half-century- and similar rumblings have not occurred in the United States on anywhere near the same scale, hence the lack of a concurrent spike in popularity for the term on this side of the Pond. The same is true of most of the runners-up. One strong exception is antifa, a loanword from Germany- a truncation of Antifaschistische (antifascist) dating to before World War II and referring to militant leftist political demonstrators- because of the ubiquity of such protestors at demonstrations in the United States. However, broflake (meaning â€Å"a politically conservative man easily offended by progressive attitudes†) did not make much of an impression in the United States. (The term is a play on snowflake, which in a sociopolitical context refers pejoratively to supposedly oversensitive liberals by comparing them to a very delicate meteorological phenomenon; it substitutes snow with bro, originally neutral slang for brother but here connoting a boorish conservative man.) Nor did the related term â€Å"white fragility,† coined by American academic Robin DiAngelo in 2011 to refer to the general inability of white people to withstand confrontational discussions abou t racial equality. Other terms on the Oxford Dictionary shortlist include kompromat, a Russian loanword derived from â€Å"compromising material† and denoting sensitive personal information that can be used against a political opponent; newsjacking, meaning â€Å"taking advantage of news or current events to promote a brand or product†; and â€Å"milkshake duck,† meaning a social media star who prompts disillusionment when he or she is discovered to have a character flaw- an allusion to being charmed by an internet meme such as video of a duck drinking a milkshake, only to find out that the duck is a racist. Then there’s gorpcore, describing a fashion trend featuring utilitarian clothing associated with outdoor recreation; the term is a play on normcore, which denotes pointedly drab, plain attire and is based on the use of the element -core, derived from hardcore. (Gorp, perhaps deriving from a verb meaning eat greedily, is another word for â€Å"trail mix.†) Finally, unicorn, originally a word for a mythical horned horselike animal (the name literally means one horn), pertains to a product featuring rainbow colors, glitter, and/or other colorful enhancements designed to distract consumers from their mundane lives; the term derives from the prominence of such features in children’s toys and entertainment that feature unicorns. (This sense also supplants the use of unicorn to denote something so rare as to be virtually unobtainable, such as an ideal romantic or sexual partner.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 284

Assignment Example Persing, (2010), explains how to administer drugs when treating respiratory complications. Dosage calculations always follow the rule that; 1 milliliter of a one percent solution will always amount to ten milligrams (10mg) of solute. Drug calculations are imperative to establish the optimal levels of serum sodium, chloride, and potassium. The drugs administered to patients with respiratory complications have differing side effects. Patients must be consulted about existing medical conditions to identify the type of medication to be administered. Normal sodium levels range between 135-145 milliequivalents per liter of blood (mEq/L). Hyponatremia will result if the blood sodium levels are lower than 135mEq/L. Hypernatremia is the condition where the blood sodium level exceeds the 145mEq/L limit. Under both conditions; the cells swell up with excess water resulting in cell damage. Excess sodium can result in high blood pressure while inadequate sodium levels may impair the functioning of nerves and muscles. Normal chloride results range between 96 -106 mEq/L. Hyperchloremia occurs if the chloride level exceeds 106mEq/L, whereas hypochloremia results from extremely low levels (96mEq/L) of chloride. Both conditions result in an electrolyte imbalance within the body to cause an electrolyte disturbance. In addition, the transport of oxygen may also be affected under both conditions. The levels of potassium in the body vary with age. For adults, the levels range between 3.5 to 5.2mEq/L or 3.5 to 5.2 Milli-moles per Liter (mmol/L). High potassium levels result in hyperkalemia whereas low potassium levels result in hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia may lead to an irregular pulse whereby there is sudden collapse if the heartbeat is too slow. Under both conditions, the nervous system becomes slow and affects the efficient functioning of the

Review the Capstone case Simon and Schuster, Inc. v. New York State Essay

Review the Capstone case Simon and Schuster, Inc. v. New York State Crime Victims Board on pages 412-417 of your textbook. Brief - Essay Example The Board then holds the money for satisfaction of all claims by the victims and creditors of the criminal or accused. The Court held that such a law smacks of First Amendment breach because of state imposition on content-based speech, which parallels the discriminatory tax law declared unconstitutional in Arkansas Writers’ Project Inc v Ragland 481 US 221. Two elements can be gleaned from the SC declaration of First Amendment inconsistency: the singling out of income from expressive activity, and; the singling out of â€Å"works with specified content.† This constitutional defect could have been overcome by compelling state interest, according to the SC, such as compensating victims of crimes or precluding criminals from profiting from their crimes. The disputed law, however, does not further state interest because there is no rationale in limiting its application to income derived from contents-based story of the criminal or accused. To allow the law entails placing i n its ambit a potentially large number of works such as the Confession of St. Augustine where he narrated stealing pears from his neighbor’s yard as an instance of moral weakness.

Baby Dumping Essay Example for Free

Baby Dumping Essay Child is a priceless give from Allah. However, baby dumping is a social crisis and has a chronic discarding or leaving alone, for an extended period time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the intent to dispose of the child. Based on Bukit Aman Police Headquarters statistic found a total of 580 babies were found dumped between year 2011-2012 and found the number was increased day by up until now. This number of cases every year where as much as 65 baby dumping cases has increased to 83 cases in the earlier year of 2013. In the first 5 months, almost every day there are reports on dumped baby cases. This scenario had been more serious from day to day although there are a lot about this in a mass media and teenagers always seen to be involved in this situation. YOUR OPINION ABOUT THE ISSUE: In my opinion, we can avoid the baby dumping through several activities; Through campaign: To raise awareness of this issue to the public. One of the campaigns focuses is Kami Prihatin. It was launched on 23rd March 2010 and activities were organized to promote child protection policy, producing the documentary and publishing community awareness advertisements in Utusan Malaysia. Other ways: Prevention programs towards the regions and categories of population with increased risks of dumping and setting up a coherent reporting and monitoring system as regards the dumping and the risk of abandonment. Standardizing the written forms and the procedures of registering women which get admitted in maternities in order to give birth and elaborating procedures for keeping records of mothers and children without identity papers and creating a database on this matter. Religion knowledge: every religion emphasizes their believer to not to do the wrong things. Long-term solutions to the problem of baby dumping require efforts at prevention. Steps must be taken to prevent unwanted pregnancies, provide assistance to parents in crisis, and increase communication within families and communities. HOW THE ISSUE CAN INFLUENCE YOU IN YOUR LIFE For me, this kind of action should be avoid totally by every single soul because the baby is an innocent and don’t know anything and even animal loves their babies. This kind of action gives me such a lesson that it will ruin our society ‘totally’. We should take a responsibilities to our action and do not let others take it. I can’t stand still if I heart this kind of case because I have the humanity sense and I think other people are agreed to my statement. Only people that have no humanity sense will dump their baby away. I will not do this action and I hope others too. I am the saddest person if I heard and look the baby being dumped by their ‘animal’ mother.

Ebonics :: essays research papers fc

EBONICS Ebonics, also known as Black English, is a nonstandard dialect spoken in many homes in the inner cities of America. This nonstandard language is often looked upon as low-class or lazy talk. This is not the case, however. Due to consistencies found in the dialect, there seems to be an order. It has been found that, when learning English, African-Americans adapted the language using some of the structure and rules of their own native tongue. This Black English has carried on through slavery and then freedom for hundreds of years. Although there is a coexistence of more than two dialects in our society, those in power forget the flexibility of our language and see no other way than the use of Standard English. Although many Americans tend to scorn any careless variation of the Standard English, flexibility of the language is, perhaps, a main reason for its survival. In 1905, a Danish scholar and great authority on English, Otto Jespersen, wrote: English is like an English park, which is laid out seemingly without any definite plan, and which you are allowed to walk everywhere according to your own fancy without having a fear a stern keeper enforcing rigorous regulations. (MacNeil 141) This freedom has created the English we speak today. Although a little behind the times, Oxford changes the rules as to what is correct English due to what is being spoken. In English Belongs to Everybody, Robert MacNeil, feels that English has prospered and grown because it was able to accept and absorb change (140). So change in the English language helps it grow, yet the dialect of the inner city blacks in our country is looked upon as a problem. To those in charge, there is no more room for growth. It is apparent that there are many types of dialect within American English. The coexisting of two or more languages, either serving together in the same area or servicing different areas, is as old as language itself (Pei 106). This has happened throughout time and appears to be inevitable. It is impossible to believe an entire country could conform to one language, and then only one dialect of that language. Throughout history societies have survived for some time using different languages until these language barriers tore territories apart. It is apparent how, in America, barriers between dialects separate black men from white men even more than physical conditions.

Brief Therapy

Personally, this â€Å"solution-based or solution-focused brief therapy† is appealing to me simply because it is brief (The.. , 2003). See I have the tendency to become impatient in anything that calls for counseling (The.. , 2003). Since brief therapy has the power to address my dilemma in less than five counseling sessions, I am very grateful for it (The.. , 2003).I also appreciate greatly the fact that â€Å"instead of solving problems, it builds solutions† which makes the change that occurred to be consistent and most likely to last (The..  , 2003).Brief therapy also addresses a wide range of dilemmas including the following: 1) anxiety; 2) depression; 3) mental health-related problems; 4) oppression experiences; 5) pain; 6) problems in sleeping; 7) work-related dilemmas; 8) relationship problems (including differences with children, with spouse, and with close friends); 9) stress; 10) substance abuse (including drugs and alcohol); 11) etc (The.. , 2003).What make s it more remarkable is that it may also be experienced by the economically challenged individuals who cannot afford the traditional and expensive counseling (The.. , 2003). It is good that there is a psychological therapy or counseling that may be offered free to those who do not have the capacity to pay but needed to solve a certain dilemma through â€Å"brief therapy† (The.. , 2003). Personal Experience I tried ‘brief therapy’ when I had terrible problems with my relationship with my partner.Here, I was taught to communicate better or effectively, I was inspired to trust and to establish a gratifying relationship (The.. , 2003). In addition to that, I was taught to address, manage, and settle conflict (The.. , 2003). My specific problem has been addressed in just a few counseling sessions and that particular dilemma never became a problem again (The.. , 2003). Reference The Brief Therapy Practice. (2003). Solution Focused Brief Therapy. Retrieved October 6, 20 07 from http://www. brieftherapy. org. uk/

Life in correctional facilities Essay

Prisons are used as correctional facilities which are meant to influence the criminal to be a positively charged individual and accepted by the society. The rehabilitation process should be able to benefit the criminal in his life in and after prison. There are certain factors that make one to become a criminal and adapt to the criminal way of life. Correctional facilities should not be brutal but should guide the imprisoned positively and motivate them to become law abiding citizens. The community should accept the prisoner once he is released and treat him like a citizen and accept that he can change and interact freely with them. Life in prison Prison life can prove to be hard if the correctional facility uses correctional means which are torturous. Prisons are institutions where criminals or those who have gone against the law are kept. They are meant to bring an individual to positive life at the end of their sentence and be able to contribute positively to the community. However, this has not been the case in these institutions. In this paper, we take a look at the effects of what prison life is and how one can be able to adapt while imprisoned. We take a look at some correctional policies that can be introduced in prison and what makes one to become a criminal (Crag 1992). In the past years, prison was based on punishing the inmate by inflicting pain on his body; this has however changed as prison is seen as a form of rehabilitation to the inmate. Prisons have positive and negatives effects to the prisoner. There is the safekeeping of inmates where they are provided with the basic needs of food, shelter and clothing. Prisons are used as correctional facilities which maintain and improve the inmates physically and psychologically through counseling and physical exercise. The safekeeping of inmates includes locking them in a confined environment and allowing room for the isolation of welfare activities which satisfy their needs through recreation and education. It however makes them feel dehumanized and rejected by the society and this could lead to mental depression. Timetables are used in this institutions play a major factor in rehabilitation through procedures. They know where to be at the right time because it indicates time for shower, meals, labor time, recreational activities schedule and what time to go to bed. This method turns the criminal into a hard worker and changes his psychology by restoring responsibilities in him. He knows he has a duty to fulfill at a particular time. When a criminal is imprisoned for twenty years and follow the same routine, he is unable to think of what to do with his time as his psychology is already used to one specific routine (Crag 1992). Use of uniforms in correctional facilities destroys the individual’s personal identity and makes them feel part of a group. They are able to associate with each other easily and all feel are on the same level and no one is more special than the rest. The physical condition of the prisons the thick walls, the barbed wires and the constant supervision they gat from guards shape the criminal’s psychology and think positively in order to be accepted by the society. Being surrounded by walls and the supervision makes the prisoner know he did wrong and for him to be free from the walls, he has to change his behavior in order to be accepted by the society. A prisoner can also be undermined in prison. There have been cases of rape and victimization which caused the affected to commit suicide or be damaged psychologically (Sham 1970). Policies that assist an inmate to adapt to prison life. Having a psychologist to assist the prisoners adapt to the changes they are experiencing as they try to adopt in prison life. A psychologist should help in the emotional changes by making them understand that prison is a correctional facility and not punishment. An inmate should be provided with better medical facilities when they get sick . This will make the inmate develop well socially and emotionally (Sham 1970). Activities like sports, debates and singing should be introduced this occupies their minds and makes them live and develop socially and are used to each other. Holding regular competitions will lead to positive spirits and harmony among the inmates. The use of timetables is seen as a way which assists an inmate to adapt to prison life by knowing where to be and what to do at a certain time. A newcomer adapts easily to daily routine and feels part of the group by following what they should be doing at particular time. This also makes the inmates feel they are all part of the system because no one is treated in a special way. Dividing of tasks among the inmates also assists them to adapt to the environment as they communicate with the other inmates and are oriented to the tasks which are carried out (Sham 1970). The inmates need constant motivational and uplifting seminars which aid them in proper development. Spiritual uplifting gives them hope and make them develop in the right direction. They should also be given guidance and know there is life after prison. The prison authorities should invite guests who will motivate and uplift the prisoners (Sheldon 1982). Prison is intended to assist the criminal to change positively and bring no harm to the society once they are released. Prison should be used to correct the mistakes and uplift them to be acceptable citizens. Many correctional facilities use brutal methods to correct the prisoners like, physical beatings having one meal a day, no free time and lots of labor. This type of treatment damages the inmate physically and emotionally and does not bring any change to the prisoner. The prisons should give less labor to the inmates and time for rest. They should also introduce a system where they earn from their labor. For instance, if they work more hard, they get rewards lie TV, gym, football. This way they will be more motivated to get the work finished because there is a reward at the end of it. More time should also be put to educate the prisoners. The library should be open to all prisoners who feel free to advance their knowledge. Holding competitions like football and debates makes them grow and are able to respect each other. Creating more time with family and friends gives them the assurance that people still care for them and will need to change to be accepted by their families. Having visitations like once a month will enable them to gather confidence in themselves. These methods lead the prisoner know there is more to life than punishment and they can live a good life by causing no harm to the community. Motivating them will make them start businesses once they get out of prison (Crag 1992). There are many reasons which make one become a criminal. One of the many beliefs is when one was abused and depressed as a child or fell into bad company when they were growing up. These changes their psychology as they grow up and they are filled with hate and revenge and will want to cause harm and that is the only way they will feel god about themselves. The environment where one grew up contributes to who they will be in future. If one lives in a neighborhood where people make a living by stealing, selling drugs and kidnapping, they will adopt to this methods slowly without realizing (Sham 1970). A person can also be labeled by society as a criminal and will adapt to that name. The lack of self control, hate and poor socialization skills make people to live with hatred and wanting to cause harm to individuals. Being in prison and seeing how other criminals behave and how they organize their criminal gangs also contribute to making one a criminal as soon as they get out of prison because they will have experience first hand training from experienced criminals. While in prison, most inmates gather hope and confidence that they will be free one day. They should be encouraged to stay out of trouble while in prison and to develop in a way which will be acceptable by the society. A prisoner should not be excommunicated from the society and needs to be embraced in order to move in the right direction. The correctional institution should be seen as correctional centers whose main aim will be to assist the prisoners grow in the positive direction and should not be perceived as a torture chamber. Once out of prison, the prisoner should use the skills acquired and bring positive development to the society and stay out of danger. However, the society will need to accept the imprisoned and treat him in a good way that will not hurt his psychology. References Crag, W. (1992). The practice of punishment. London: Rutledge Press. Sham, S. (1970). The inmate social code. New York: Wiley & Sons Sheldon, M & GreTosh, J. (1982). The pains of imprisonment. California: Sage Publications.

Mark Twain Satire

Mark Twain Satire We have known Mark Twain for his celebrated works such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But readers of his stories have not necessarily been exposed to his signature satire. Mark Twains satire earned him accolades. What ought to be done to the man who invented the celebrating of anniversaries? Mere killing would be too light.There is an old-time toast which is golden for its beauty: When you ascend the hill of prosperity may you not meet a friend.Truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let us economize it.Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet.Denial aint just a river in Egypt.Cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education.A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read.Wagners music is better than it sounds.Under certain circumstances, profanity provides a relief denied even to prayer.In a museum in Havana, there are two skulls of Christopher Columbus, one when he was a boy and one when he was a man.A man never reaches that dizzy height of wisdom when he can no longer be led by the nose.Be good and you will be lonesome.The rule is perfect: in all matters of opinion our adversaries are insane. Man is the only animal that blushes. Or needs to.The human race is a race of cowards; and I am not only marching in that procession but carrying a banner.I didnt attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it.The only difference between a tax man and a taxidermist is that the taxidermist leaves the skin.Let us be thankful for fools. But for them the rest of us could not succeed.The first of April is the day we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year.When red-haired people are above a certain social grade their hair is auburn.Patriot: the person who can holler the loudest without knowing what he is hollering about.Can we afford Civilization?One of the most striking differences between a cat and a lie is that a cat has only nine lives.The fact that man knows right from wrong proves his intellectual superiority to other creatures; but the fact that he can do wrong proves his moral inferiority to any creature that cannot.There are people who can do all f ine and heroic things but one keep from telling their happiness to the unhappy. I thoroughly disapprove of duels. If a man should challenge me, I would take him kindly and forgivingly by the hand and lead him to a quiet place and kill him.The older we grow the greater becomes our wonder at how much ignorance one can contain without bursting ones clothes.In the real world, the right thing never happens in the right place and the right time. It is the job of journalists and historians to make it appear that it has.I respect a man who knows how to spell a word more than one way.History may not repeat itself, but it does rhyme a lot.Dont go around saying the world owes you a living; the world owes you nothing; it was here first.We are all beggars, each in his own way.Name the greatest of all inventors. Accident.

Verbs with Thou and Thee

Verbs with Thou and Thee Verbs with Thou and Thee Verbs with Thou and Thee By Maeve Maddox The pronouns thou and thee were replaced by you in standard English a very long time ago, but the old forms still hold interest for modern speakers. A DWT reader wrote to me recently about a pastor who encourages his parishioners to use the â€Å"thou† forms in prayer. Many Bible readers still prefer the King James translation with its thous and thees to more modern ones. Apart from a religious context, the old forms crop up in advertising and entertainment, often with the wrong verb forms, possibly for intended comic effect. For example, an insurance ad on television features an agent dressed in paper armor made from insurance policies. He exchanges a few words with another agent. Here are some of their attempts at what the ad writer characterizes as â€Å"broken Old English.† It’s not Old English, but it is very broken. I doth declare that thou have brought overmany discounts to thine customers! Thou cometh and we thy saveth! We doth offer so many discounts, we have some to spare. The second person singular forms fell out of standard use as Middle English passed into Early Modern English. Without going into too much detail, or trying to account for every variation, I’ll illustrate some of the uses of the forms thou, thee, thy, and thine. Thou art my friend. (subject) I love thee. (object) Is this thy dog? (possessive adjective) No, I thought it was thine. (possessive pronoun) Thine was also used as a possessive adjective in front of a noun beginning with a vowel: Is he thine enemy? Verbs used with the subject form thou usually ended in -st. For example, What dost thou still in bed, thou lazy lout Can I go out with my friends, Mother? No, thou canst not. The -th ending doesn’t go with thou or, as in the insurance ad, with we or any other pronoun. The -th ending signals third person: What doth he still in bed? He doth what he liketh best; he sleepeth. The use of thou still exist in some English dialects, although in altered forms, such as tha. The use of a second person singular in the â€Å"plain speech† of the Society of Friends (Quakers) continued into modern times. Among some Quakers, the archaic verb endings dropped away and the subject form thou was superseded by the object form thee, much as the object form you replaced the subject form ye in standard English. If you ever decide you want to use archaic pronouns and verb endings in an ad or a historical novel, you might want to review the forms. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Comma Before ButShow, Don't Tell

Coke as a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC Personal Statement

Coke as a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC - Personal Statement Example Ever since I was a child, I remember drinking Coke every time I want to get instant refreshment. Coke is there during special occasions like parties and lunches. Furthermorer, it accompanies me even in my everyday undertakings. In fact, Coke is synonymous with refreshment to me. I just love the invigoration that consuming a can of Coke brings me. I drink it whenever I can-when I am stressed out, when I get too exhausted, and when I need an extra dose of caffeine to get me going. I associate Coke with words such as thirst quenching and more recently, with my quest to live a healthier lifestyle. No kidding. I have seen how Coke evolved. Starting from its claim of being a healthy and medicinal drink, it became a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC. The intense competition with Pepsi pushed it to reinvent itself to the protest of its loyal patrons. Thus, the new Coke was rebranded while the original formulation was fortunately retained in the market. The growing health consciousness among consumers urged Coca-cola to reinvent itself by offering better-for-you variants which utilized artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. Coke Diet, Coke Light and Coke Zero were launched in the market to the amusement and support of customers like me. Aside from getting rid of unhealthy sugar, this variant is fortified with vitamins, minerals and infused with green tea which suits my lifestyle. The evolution of Coca-cola did not change its promise of providing refreshment to its customers-in fact, it now gives more than that. After my decision of shifting to and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, I thought I would have to give up drinking Coke my whole life. However, it seems as if the brand knows my needs that it is willing to adapt and reinvent itself so that I could still drink it whenever and wherever I want. The added vitamins and minerals is really a huge plus for it. I have read somewhere that green tea aids in weight loss by speeding up an individual's metabolism. Yes, instead of making me fat, Coke might actually enable me to lose weight by burning calories at a faster rate. These reasons make Coca-cola the top brand of soft drink for me. Actually, I don't see it as a soft drink now-I perceive it as a health drink. My passion for Coke influences my other purchase decisions especially in choosing which fastfood to dine in. I definitely don't dine out at KFC and Pizza Hut noting that they don't serve Coke but only Pepsi. Yes, sometimes I just get so choosy with the drinks while others see them as minor part of the meal. For me, it makes a lot of difference-I can actually tell the difference between Coke and Pepsi. The taste is never the same Yes, I am a self-confessed Coke addict who can't live a day without having a can of this refreshment. Coke does not only add life, for me, it is life itself. Blame it on marketing gurus who worked to formulate a good product which commands global acceptance. Blame it on the intensive and very efficient marketing campaign. Blame it on the proper pricing which made it affordable even with the current recession. Blame it on its wide distribution network which makes it available anywhere I go. I will always consider Coca-cola to be one of the best brands in the world. With the current quest of its company

Transportation safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Transportation safety - Essay Example This is done in the belief that at lower speeds, they can get drunk and still control their cars with ease. This has in turn led to increased accidents on our roads. Use of road bumps also helps reduce road accidents. The bumps help reduce the speed at which cars move especially at pedestrian crossings. On the other hand these bumps often cause accidents especially when not clearly marked as the drivers at high speed normally don’t get a clear view of the bumps as they approach them. This normally leads to the cars veering off the roads and causing accidents (Hauer, p41). Use of traffic police is always believed to be a major measure in curbing road carnage. They are deployed along highways and in major towns to enforce traffic rules, especially elimination of unroadworthy vehicles on the road. These policemen are usually underpaid and this makes them engage in corruption activities. They get bribed and let go of unroadworthy vehicles, drunk and careless drivers, leading to accidents. Road signs are also used to reduce road accidents. Most motorists often feel safe at the sight of a stop sign, but this is not the case in an intersection when other drivers ignore the rules and run into stop signs. Stop sign running is always caused by impatience of drivers who assume that there are no other motorists as they cross intersections. Some signs especially those faded usually cause confusion to drivers, leading to accidents. Therefore, in applying the road safety measures to curb road accidents, care must be taken to ensure that these same measures do not increase the chances of crashes in the transportation

Engineering project with management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering project with management - Assignment Example There are several attempts to develop effective high tech stethoscope given the advancement in medical technology. The stethoscope remains one of the least advanced equipment in the doctor’s chambers. This is because some of the developed stethoscopes are expensive or face regular breakdowns hence ineffective. To enhance technological innovation on this instrument medical instruments the electrical and electronic engineers have chipped in to innovate a modern electronic stethoscope to replace the traditional diaphragm type stethoscope. This project was developed on clients request for a complete redesign on the current electronic stethoscope. The clients request that the design should comprise a receiver box, speakers, wireless microphones and a headphone jack. The microphone signals are sent via a quad amplifier. The amplifier filters the signal and implements and initial gain (A) of 3. The mixer receives the two signals which enable the user to choose the microphone of preference for the respective sound quality adjustments. The signal is then passed to another switch providing interactive user ability mode of output between the headphone and speaker. The complete stethoscope is then printed on the board to suit the needs of different users. The current electronic stethoscopes are generally designed for a one time user and are uncomfortable for doctors if used for periods of time. Stethoscopes are the main medical equipment for Anesthesiologists since they have to analyze breath and heart sounds when handling anesthesia cases. The electronic stethoscope makes use of a microphone and speaker system, but it is extremely large for practical uses resulting from large power system. This brings an implication of the need to innovate an appropriate power system. The stethoscope must be redesigned to allow for dual microphone capabilities. The stethoscope is a french physician innovation ‘Rene Theophile’ in 1886 as he was

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year

Strategies to Maximise Profits in the First Year How will the company maximize its profits (or minimize losses) its first year, while it is a monopoly firm? Give concrete examples by referring to the cottages, restaurant and ferry. What advantages does it have in its first year and how can it maximize profits? What are the risks associated with this strategy? In the first year the firm would be a monopoly firm as there is no existing firm in the market dealing with the vacation destination on Partridge Island. It provides rent services for cottages, restaurants and ferry. Being a monopoly firm it has two choices available first one is to decide how much quantity is to be sold and the other one is the decision about the price to be charged. An important thing is that a monopolist can either decide quantity to be sold or the price to be charged, but not both the price and quantity simultaneously. If this firm take a decision about price then the quantity sold will be decided by the market. If given firm decides about the quantity to be sold then the price will be decided the market forces. In order to maximize profits or minimize losses the firm will produce at a level at which its marginal costs are equal to its marginal revenues. Level of output is determined by the intersection of these two curves. To take decision about the prices and q uantities monopolist will have to use the data on market demand and prices, and will supplement this data with the costs faced by monopolist. This firm will charge a price which is far higher than the marginal economic costs as there is no danger of losing customers. The firm is price maker in this case and has a complete control over prices as being a single provider of cottages, restaurants and ferry on Partridge Island. There is no perfect substitute available in the market therefore the firm will try a charge a maximum possible price. In order to maximize the total profits the firm will have to carefully analyse the demand structure for cottages, restaurants and ferry, separately. Maximum rent will be charged for a service that has most in elastic demand. In elastic demand ensures that consumer will go to avail the services of this firm even at high prices. On the other hand comparatively low rent will be charged for a service having more elastic demand. In this way among the three departments of cottages, restaurants and ferry, the rent will be determined by the firm keeping in view the motive of profit maximization. As far as the determination of rent is considered costs play very important role. It is possible to decrease the rent in the department which is having favorable cost structure as compared to the other departments of the firm. It is often observed that a monopoly firm usually earns ab normal profits both in the long run and short run but is also possible for a monopolist firm to experience losses. In case of losses firm will try to minimize the costs being faced by doing so the difference between revenue and costs will be decreased and thus the losses. The following year, a new business enters the market and provides cottages, restaurant and ferry. What strategies will you recommend so your client continues to maximize its profits now that it is in a oligopoly? What are the risks associated with these strategies In the following year when a new business enter the market, it will lead to completely change the market structure from monopoly to oligopoly, as there are two firms now competing with each other. In such circumstances there are two possibilities for these competing firms. First one is that these two firms will keep competing with each other by indulging themselves into price and non-price competitions. The other possibility is that they will come at an agreement and will form a cartel. The cartel will serve to increase the profits for both the firms. This is due to the fact that if they keep competing then they will have to lower down the prices which will in turn reduce profits of both and they will come at a level at which profit is quite lower than the monopoly profits. On the other hand if they form a cartel then they will be able to enjoy the monopoly powers. These two firms will have complete control over the price and quantity and will be able to charge a higher price as now there is no substitute available for the services provided by this cartel. Cartel is referred to a formal and explicit agreement between two or more competing firms which is aimed to generate the monopoly powers for the firms in order to raise the levels of profit. In this case the two firms dealing with the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry will agree to fix the rents marketing or production. Formation of cartel depends upon the nature of market and here the nature of market i.e. oligopoly is perfect to enjoy the benefits associated with cartels. The members of cartel reach an agreement and then act together as being a single seller, with mutual consensus, in order to have an influence on the prices of goods and services. They control these prices by acquiring a control over production and marketing. The two members will have to agree upon certain factors like share in industry’s provision of services, market shares and fixation of prices. They come at an agreement after having completed detailed negotiations on terms and conditions of the important matters. In this case it is also an important consideration to decide about allocation of territories, customer’s allocation, formation of common sales agencies bid rigging and division of profits among these two firms. Their joint aim will be increase of profitability by reducing the competition in the market. If these two firms remain successful in acquiring government shield regarding the formation of cartel then this cartel will be known as public cartel and the enforcement of cartel agreement will be ensured by the state. On the other hand if they just try to focus on the benefits of the two firms who constitute it then it will be recognized as private cartel. As compared to private cartel it will be more beneficial for the society as a whole that these two firms form a public cartel, due to the fact that in case of public cartel the benefits are passed to the respective society as a whole. It is observed that competition laws are always found to oppose the formation of cartel the refore these two firms will have to keep in mind the rules and regulation associated with the formation of cartels in the country so that they may ensure their long run existence in the market. However, it is always very difficult for law implementation agencies to prove the existence of cartel in any market. To avoid the disclosure of involving in cartel making and resulting negative consequences often firms do not paper the hidden agreements existing among them. These firms will try to regulate supply with an aim to regulate the prices being charged for the services provided by two. Three years later there are 20 companies providing cottage rental, restaurant and ferry services to Partridge Island. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize profits now that it operates under monopolistic competition? Now there are twenty companies in the market meaning that now the nature of competition is similar to that of monopolistic competition where there is a reasonable number of firms in the market competing with each other. In order to maintain the position of the individual firm in a market and to ensure the survival firms compete on the basis of product differentiation. No firm can survive in the industry if it ignores the strategy of product differentiation. Product differentiation means that firms try to generate differences in their products or services to make their products attractive as compared to those of rivals. The purpose is to acquire the attraction of buyer in order to increase the demand for the products offered and resultantly to increase the profits. The profit maximization will occur at the same point as it is in monopoly i.e. a point at which Marginal Revenue is equal to marginal costs. Firm will produce output and charge the price corresponding to the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost. As far as the strategies to maximize profits are concerned the main strategy which must be followed by the firm is to create differentiation in the services offered by this firm. They will have to discover different ways to make their services alike, it will ensure the rise in the competitive advantage associated with the services offered. These differences in the services may be of real nature or that of an imaginary one. Real differences involve an actual services. These differences which should be created by the firm in order to maximize the profits may also be of imaginary nature for example simply changing the style of services provided. In this case there will be no real difference in the services but by changing the prese ntation style, customers will get attracted to the services of this particular firm and will prefer this firm among other twenty firms operating in the same industry. It is considered to be very important in the field of business dealing with cottages, restaurants and ferry to maintain a unique position in the market especially when there are many firms competing. In this industry the importance of services provided is like that of lifeblood in the human body. Therefore, it can be suggested that this firm will have to improve the standards of services, including that of staff and related to the comfort of customers. Customers comfort should be of primary importance for the firm and to do so they can do many different things. For restaurants and cottages they should improve the living conditions including furniture and food provided to the customers. As far as the case of Ferry is concerned user friendly services will have to be provided and to do so they should relax the terms and c ondition elated to the transport of goods and they may also maintain their position in the market by offering relatively low prices as compared to those offered by competitors. The strategy to reduce prices will have a positive impact to increase the preference for this firm among customers. Ten years later we find hundreds of companies providing the same services. What strategies would you recommend to your client to maximize its profits in a perfectly competitive market? If your client was losing money, when would you recommend it shut down its activities and when should it leave the industry altogether. Ten years later when there are hundreds of new companies in the market the monopoly power faced by the firm will totally abolish. The firm will have no control over the price charged from the customers. The main reason behind this is that now there is large number of firms offering almost the same services, so of this firm tries to charge a higher price it will lose its customer a they has a large choice available in the form of service providers of cottages, restaurants and ferry. The firm will become a price taker one and will have a choice to take only one decision that is of quantity to be sold. The market structure now resembles that of perfect competition, with large number of buyers and sellers, free entry and exit and having almost perfect substitutes available. In this case the firm cannot charge high prices for any of cottages, restaurants and ferry as there are large number of firms offering almost similar services so the rise in price will contribute to shift the customer s to any other service provider, hence contributing to decrease the venues of client firm. In a perfectly competitive market it becomes difficult to generate abnormal profits in a long run. However there is a possibility that firm enjoys abnormal profits in short run which will encourage the entrance of new firms in the industry and this mechanism will lead to decrease the abnormal profits enjoyed by the firms. In order to maintain a profit maximizing level the strategy followed by the firm should be based on the production of output or provision of services, at the minimum level of average cost curve. In other words firm should produce at a level which is optimal for it and at which the costs faced by the firm are minimized. The strategy to produce at optimal level will lead to generate at least normal profits for the firm in long run and it may earn heavy profits in short run. In a perfectly competitive market firm should never try to compete on the basis of prices as it would prove to be a useless strategy. As far as the general rules of profit maximization are concerne d the profits are maximized at a point where the Marginal cost curve intersects the marginal revenue curve. In addition to this the slope of MC is more than the slope of MR. Here is perfectly competitive market the Marginal Revenue (MR), Average Revenue (AR) and price (P) curves are the same. These curves are represented by the straight line which is horizontal to the X-axis showing that the firm has no control over the price of its product or service. The optimal output is not just determined by the cost information instead the knowledge of cost and demand conditions enables the firm to determine the optimal level of output which maximizes its profitability. The demand curve can be obtained by plotting sales revenue at different levels of output. The optimal output of the firm is sensitive to the price and costs associated with it, resultantly whenever the cost conditions or the prices of services in the restaurants, cottages and ferry market change, then the optimal output of this particular firm will also be changed. As here exist intense rivalry among the business of restaurants, cottages and ferry, so the firm should try to introduce new products, improve the quality of existing products and make more advertising expenditures. It is also extremely important to timely respond the strategies of competitors in the market. How can changes to the labour market be linked to changes in income distribution? What could be driving income disparities between high-income earners and low-income earners (in Canada or elsewhere)? What could be the negative impacts of these disparities? Are these short term differentials or equilibrium differentials? What policies could government put in place to improve income opportunities for low-income earners? Due to the wage restraints all over the world, people on higher end enjoy most of the benefits of economic gains leaving majority of the people deprived of the advantages associated with production processes. The status and position of migrants, women and minorities is miserable in the income distributions of most of the countries. The major contributor to promote income disparities and inequalities all over the world is decreased powers of labor unions. These unions remain unable to secure a reasonable rate of wages due to weak bargaining power associated with them. A gradual and long term decline in labor union memberships has also been observed in the past and the trend still continues. There is also negative impact of Right to Work Laws on the equal distribution of resources in an economy. These laws on the one hand benefits in achieving social welfare and on the other have adverse impacts on the income distribution, while promoting the situation of inequality in the country. Mor eover, in case of Canada the premiums set by labor unions are also quite low to ensure the well being of low income and middle income classes. The gap between rich and poor as represented by the income inequality is widening these days in Canada and the income inequality is far higher than the level at which it was thirty years ago. The inequality in favor of rich is posing serious threats to the economy as it is contributing to increase the level of aggregate demand, hence promoting highly rising inflation in the country. Poor is suffering a lot and resources available to this class for the purpose of education or for investment in business are very few. This is the major reason that poor remain trapped into the vicious circle of poverty and rich get richer day by day. Moreover, another impact of income inequality is that it leads to generate increased probability of financial distress for the economy which may serve to hinder the progress in long run. Due to distress in the society caused by income inequality, the crime rates also increase e.g. it is often observed that poor section of society indulge itself into criminal activities like murders, in order to create money for themselves and their children, so that they may the basic needs of daily life. As far as the general welfare of society is concerned income equality makes it impossible to provide similar facilities to different sections of society. Among these the most important consequence of in equality is reduced availability of health facilities which results in lower life expectancy especially for the case of poor, who has limited resources to obtain proper food and health facilities. These differentials existing between different sections of society may prove to be if long run nature if not controlled with proper policies of private and public sector. In case of Canada the differences are persistent in nature, therefore, it can be concluded that these differences between rich and poor are of long term nature in Canada. In order to deal with the income inequalities government can adopt fiscal policy changes like that of tax policy change. The measures to adopt progressive taxation can prove to be very helpful. Another way regarding tax policy is to tax the non-parents in Canada as no –parents have larger median incomes as compared to the parents. Moreover, the responsibilities of parents are larger than the non-parents and it is very beneficial to provide them an ease in the form of tax break. Tax rate should be higher on the incomes of producers as the producers comprise that section of society which is comparatively wealthier. Government can also provide ease to the poor section to get them out of the poverty trap, in the form of subsidies on the products used by poor. In addition different allowances and benefits should be designed by the government of Canada to facilitate poor so that the disparities can be removed and income distribution may get equal for all the sections of society.

Essay --

Instruments For The Financial Manager Intel is one of the leading companies in the world and amongst the top ranking companies in the Fortune 500 of the world. It was a big blunder on their part but at times minor things are overlooked and lead to higher costs. Since the company of the stature of Intel cannot afford to compromise on its repute it decided to recall all the defected motherboards and as a result the burden on its income statement was very pronounced due to the shipping and re-structuring costs. Although the company is huge and funds are enormous but the catch was that most of their funds were either committed elsewhere or they were running short on cash flows and the senior financial management had this Herculean task of coming up with the 725 million dollars in order to service this recall. This course of action was the call of the hour and was required to complete this shipment in order to safeguard the name of the company and the interest of the shareholders. Due to the commitment of the cash flows elsewhere the company will need to raise an additional sum of 675 million dollars from various sources and the purpose of this research is to find out the most suitable and apt sources of fund considering the interests of all the concerned parties. As the financial manager for the company I would like to suggest that the desired levels of funds be raised from a number of sources, which would include raising part of it via equity, through part of accounts receivables, and some of it will have to financed internally. Though the company of this stature can afford borrowing from external sources but why drain away the funds elsewhere when we can do the same thing internally. Similarly part of it will have to come from o... ...inion the only options available to us are to use a mix of all of these. We should allow for the major chunk to come from the public as equity whereas the partial financing may come from the other assets as well as from the trading assets. What matters at the end of the day are that we are able to live up to the name of the company and deliver what we so staunchly promise to deliver. The only way to recover from the blunder made at some point in time is to recover the funds from the sources mentioned earlier on and when the time comes to repay these dues with diligence. As a finance manager I believe that these measures will enable us to sail through this problem with ease and in the longer run we will be able to stand more cohesively if we choose to settle this problem internally rather than going to outside and exposing the company to various other forms of risks.

Assignment: Optimism and Health

Assignment: Optimism and Health Andrea Pulis PSY/220 October 9, 2012 Ratonya Bennett For this paper, I researched two peer reviewed articles which discusses the effects of optimism and psychological health. The first one that I found is called Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review by Heather N. Rasmussen, Ph. D. , Michael F. Scheier, Ph. D. , and Joel B. Greenhuse, Ph. D. It was published in 2009. The second article that I located is called Perceived Academic Control: mediating the effects of optimism and social support on college students’ psychological health by Joelle C.Ruthig, Tara L. Haynes, Robert H. Stupnisky, and Raymond P. Perry. In Optimism and Physical Health, there was a study conducted to find out the relationship between optimism and physical health outcomes. According to their findings, the data suggests that optimism is a significant predictor of physical health. I would have to agree with this study and I find it validating. One thing that I fou nd interesting in the article was the significance of pessimism and physical health.We learned from the study that optimism can have a positive effect on physical health but we also learn that pessimism can have a negative effect on physical health. According to the article Optimism and Physical health, â€Å"It may well be the case that it is the presence or absence of pessimism that is important in determining physical health outcomes rather than the presence or absence of optimism†(p. 247). What this is telling me is that having the presence of pessimism can have a more negative effect on physical health rather than the positive effect optimism has on physical health.To summarize, â€Å"In general, it is clear from this review that optimism is related to physical health. It is also clear that the link between optimism and health is stronger for subjective health outcomes than for objective health outcomes† (p. 248). This study really shows this information and it ca n be said that for future studies that they can move past this understanding and do further research. This could lead to what specifically does optimism effect and how to possibly teach those who are suffering physically how to be optimistic.In the second article I found, Perceived Academic Control, the article discusses the psychological effect that optimism has on college students, particularly freshmen and how they are doing psychologically at the end of their freshmen year. The study assessed year end GPA, stress level and depression level. According to the academic journal, â€Å"As expected, optimism and support predicted less stress and depression, yet their beneficial effects were mediated by student’ PAC† (Ruthig, Haynes, Stupnisky, Perry, 2008).PAC stands for perceived academic control. Having optimism can buffer the students’ for being susceptible to stress and depression and having optimism can protect freshman’s health when facing the challen ges of transitioning from high school to college. Think about it, a lot of students decide to leave home to go to college. They will be in a new environment, a new home, new friends, new restaurants, possibly new weather and many other factors. Believing in being optimistic is very beneficial.I can say from personal experience that I was very pessimistic and ended up dropping out of college after my freshman year because I could not handle it. I never thought positive. I did not believe, expect, or hope that things will turn out well and I did not have the attitude of somebody who feels positive or confident. I think and I know that if I was more optimistic or even possessed a hint of optimism, I would have stuck my years out at college. However, I was so depressed by the end of my freshman year that I could not even think of going back.I associated that place as negative and I was not going to put myself through it any further. It is safe to say that I believe whole-heartedly that optimism does have a psychological effect on individuals or in particular, on me. Both of these articles bring up how powerful thinking positively can be on individuals. You can always think negatively and think that nothing will turn out well and in fact, it might not. Or, you can be someone that thinks that things will ultimately turn out for the better, that there is positivity out there and that the glass is half full rather than half empty.I chose to think that the glass is half full. References Ruthig, J. , Haynes, T. , Stupnisky, R. , & Perry, R. (2009). Perceived Academic Control: mediating the effects of optimism and social support on college students’ psychological health. Social Psychology Of Education, 12(2), 233-249. doi:10. 1007/s11218-008-9079-6 Rasmussen, H. N. , Scheier, M. F. , & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009). Optimism and Physical Health: A Meta-analytic Review. Annals Of Behavioral Medicine, 37(3), 239-256. doi:10. 1007/s12160-009-9111-x

Case Analysis of Andrea Yates

Nathan Merrill XXJUN2012 PS208 Case Analysis of Andrea Yates After close review and careful analysis of the case of Andrea Yates and the circumstances which led to the drowning death and murder of her five children, I first would like to state my personal opinion on the conclusion of the case which was the majority consensus at the time of her trial and sentencing.She was guilty of a horrible murder and although certainly had mental problems, which is apparent by her actions that most completely rational thinking human being and mother would be incapable of committing, and expertly used an insanity plea to lessen the sanctions that should have and inevitably would have been brought upon her. The major dilemma in this entire case was not based upon whether Andrea Yates had or had not committed the crime of murder five times over on her own flesh and blood or even if she was mentally sick.The defining line in this case is the interpretation by which we judge insanity and the scale by which we way the accuracy if someone convicted of a crime and pleads insanity was actually aware that the crime they committed was a wrong doing. The interpretations are subject to base line analysis which has changed over time since its inception on how we decide if a person is mentally capable of knowing their actions and thus should be held responsible for those actions to the farthest extent of the law.Basically this case comes down to if Yates knew her actions were wrong and if she made the conscious decision to murder her children, which in my personal opinion is a resounding yes. I would not argue the fact that Yates is mentally ill but the this cased seemed to revolve around the fact of if she comes up with a good enough reason to commit such a horrible crime then it can appear that she honestly thought by her actions she was protecting her children. The circumstances based on religion become confusing but could also be the result of a masterfully constructed defense.Granted , a life in a mental institution would be no walk in the park or even enjoyable but far less intrusive than death itself or a life in the general population of penitentiary living. My conclusion is that yes, Yates is sick, but I feel a strong possibility of her understanding the wrongness of her actions to the rest of society but in her opinion acted in the greater good based on religiously psychotic feeling of heaven and hell which was a foundation of making a decision to take her children’s lives while understanding it was wrong and should have been dealt with by a swifter and stronger hand of justice.My opinion aside this is the conclusion and information brought forth by unbiased research as to the case and analysis of Yates. Only one of a twelve mental health experts who testified concluded that the Yates was legally sane when she drowned her five children in the family bathtub. The witness, called by prosecutors, was Park Dietz, a forensic psychiatrist and the prosecuto rs' only mental health expert, Dietz and his testimony helped convict Yates. The conviction later was overturned. When Yates is retried, much of the attention again was on Dietz, who is back on the prosecution's witness list.And now, there are questions about Dietz's conclusions in the Yates case because of his testimony in another trial involving a Texas mother who killed two of her children. Questions have added intrigue to a case in which prosecutors' initial decision to seek the death penalty ignited a national debate over how mental illness and postpartum depression are viewed in criminal courts. The Yates case now has become a symbol of the influence that expert witnesses hold in trials in our country each day, and a test of how psychiatrists' opinions are used in court.The standards judges use in deciding whether to admit psychiatric opinions in court are less precise than those used to allow testimony about scientific evidence that is more obviously measurable, such as DNA o r fingerprints. George Parnham, who was Yates' lead attorney, said the defense hopes to raise doubts about Dietz's analysis of Yates. The defense, Parnham said, was to focus on why Dietz found Yates to be sane and therefore legally responsible for her actions and also why he came to the opposite conclusion in 2004 in a similar case involving Deanna Laney, a Texas mother who killed two of her sons.Kaylynn Williford, who was a Harris County prosecutor, said Dietz's analysis in other cases is not relevant to the Yates case. She says she will ask the judge to limit Dietz's testimony to his analysis of Yates. If convicted, Yates was facing life in prison, but not execution. That issue was settled at her first trial, when the jury rejected execution. Texas law defines insanity as the inability to know right from wrong. At Yates' trial, Dietz testified that Yates knew that drowning her children was wrong. Jurors agreed with Dietz's opinion and rejected her insanity defense.A key difference in the Yates case from other similar cases was that she didn’t state that she attacked her sons at God's direction. Yates had told Dietz that she had drowned her children — Noah, 7; John, 5; Paul, 3; Luke, 2; and Mary, 6 months — at the direction of Satan, according to the trial transcript. She also told Dietz she thought it was wrong. Although Yates readily confessed to what she had done, and the crimes were committed in less than an hour, what led up to her killing her children had been building for almost two years she had said.Odd family dynamics, fundamentalist religious beliefs, clinical care that was fragmented at best, and the quirks and inadequacies of the American medical-insurance system all had some role in the Yates' family tragedy. The case also highlighted the lack of recognition of the potentially deadly consequences of postnatal disorders, and the limitations of the justice system in dealing with individuals who are mentally ill. Andrea Yates b egan to show signs of mental illness shortly after the birth of her first child, when she had a hallucination that involved a stabbing.After the birth of her fourth child, she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of sedatives. She was taken to hospital, but was eventually discharged before her symptoms were resolved because her insurance company limited the number of days of inpatient care it would pay for. She was prescribed antidepressants, but did not take them. In a second suicide attempt, she held a knife against her throat and began to mutilate herself and heard voices that told her to â€Å"get a knife†.When she became near catatonic, doctors suggested electroconvulsive therapy, but the family rejected this option. Finally, she received a drug cocktail containing an antipsychotic agent. The medication was apparently effective, but Andrea believed she had been given â€Å"truth serum†, which caused her to lose control of herself. Despite a psychiatrist's warni ng that having another child would more than likely provoke another psychotic episode, the Yates had a fifth child.The implication was that Andrea had got the idea for her actions from the television program. However, no such episode had ever aired. This was the false testimony, a mistake Dietz acknowledged, on which the case was eventually overturned and a new trial granted. Rusty Yates, Andrea’s husband, divorced his wife and remarried. Andrea's commitment to a state mental institution is subject to court supervision and is reviewed periodically but chances are she will remain in a mental hospital for the rest of her life.Several professional communities have used Andrea's case to try to prevent a similar tragedy from occurring. The Mental Health Association of Greater Houston established the Yates Children Memorial Fund to educate the public about issues affecting women's mental health after birth and the effect of post pardum depression and disorders. In 2003, the Texas s tate legislature passed the Andrea Yates Bill. The bill requires all providers of prenatal care to give new mothers information about resources available to help them with postnatal depression.