Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance

Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Performance Less sleep causes less focus on academic performance. Sleep deprivation is a problem when it comes to academic performance; therefore students should learn how to manage their time and get enough sleep. Many have argued and many others agreed that sleep deprivation does have a big effect on the performance of students in school. For those who don t agree probably think that sleep deprivation has nothing to do with the bad performance of students on a daily basis. Everyone has their own excuses for not getting the 7-8 hours of sleep that the body needs to get before a following school night, but what studies have shown and the facts that prove show that sleep deprivation has a huge effect on academic performance, making it a problem to focus more in school and also being able to actually process information taught, when the reality is students just need to manage their time to get more sleep beforehand. Students tend to say they can t get enough sleep because too much work is given. In a way that is true, but what students don t understand is that without time management without planning ahead, getting the right 7 to 8 hours of sleep becomes difficult leading to stress and sleep deprivation. Time managing and planning ahead to get work done quicker helps by giving students much more managed time to then be able to process information to academically achieve in school and also adds a better lifestyle becoming moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 Pages The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditory dysfunctionRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance852 Words   |  4 Pagesundergraduate students is sleep deprivation. I am interested in this topic not simply because I am a student in the School of Public Health, but because I am an undergraduate student that is also affected by the lack of adequate sleep. Topic Definition Development For the Research Review Article, I wanted to understand how sleep deprivation affects undergraduates’ academic performance. My topic question is as follow: What is the underlining cause of sleep deprivation in undergraduate studentsRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of College Students Sleep is something that every human experiences nearly every night. It is essential for achieving personal wellness, similar to how a nutritious diet and exercise are needed in order to be healthy. However, the stereotype of college students sometimes staying awake extremely late at night in order to finish their assignments still persists. This is a very unhealthy lifestyle choice if it is done repeatedly. In order forRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as th ey persist throughRead MoreThesis Statement : Sleep Deprivation1414 Words   |  6 PagesEng 112.0004 Mrs. B. Peterson October 13, 2017 Sleep deprivation Thesis Statement: Sleep deprivation is harmful to college students because it hinders student learning and jeopardizes their safety while driving. I. Learning a. Memory b. Lack of attention II. Safety a. Fatigue b. Decision making Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive andRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep On Undergraduate Academic Performance1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Sleep on Undergraduate Academic Performance There are only a few needs of humans that are essential for survival. These include food, water, oxygen, and sleep (Gilbert Weaver, 2010). A lack of any of these fundamental needs can be detrimental to human functioning (Orzel-Gryglewska, 2010). The effects of sleep deprivation are numerous. Without sleep humans can be irritable, distracted, forgetful, and even experience hallucinations. There are even diseases associated with continualRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words   |  7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, whichRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Simmons once said, â€Å"There is no such thing as sleep deprivation, there is only caffeine deficiency.† College students everywhere have claimed this as their motto. From art majors who stay up late practicing charcoal and shading, to nursing majors who are stressing all night studying for their exams and practicums, to engineering majors who think a good night’s sleep is three or four hours, sleep has rarely been prio ritised in college. Psychology Professors at the University of Hong Kong,

Carrers In EAC Assignment 8 Essay - 1258 Words

Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early Childhood Education Assignment 8_08 01-08-2015 Scenario 1: Part AFredrick Frobel believed that children learn when they are lively and free. He also believed that children’s education should be based on their interests and their active involvement. An activity using Frobel’s’ parquet gifts for 3 – 5 year olds would need to be simple enough that they would be able to manipulate the pieces involved and complex enough to challenge their minds. To start our activity I would take thin pieces of wood about 10x10 inches. I would outline a very simple drawing of different animals on the pieces of wood. The children can use the parquet shapes to fill the animal in, or to trace the outline of the†¦show more content†¦Scenario 3: Letter Formation Drills Letters don’t have to be precise and artistic; they should be fairly constant and readable. They should not float like a balloon or sink below the line and should be formed from the top and not the bottom. Practice forming letters with letter formation drills promotes reading and writing for all children. Children with a visual impairment may have the materials modified. Use brightly colored pens with a black contrasting paper. Enlarge all workbook pages and lined paper, double lines work well for children with visual impairment. For children with epilepsy traditional approaches need to be modified. Some student struggle with motor skills as a result of their epilepsy and they are especially vulnerable to inattention and work incompletion. Further breaking down the letters into simpler steps has been proven to promote writing skills in a child with epilepsy. A few easy steps can be taken to ensure the classroom is suitable for hearing impaired students. When possible, turn off equipment that creates background noises, such as fans and projectors, when not in use. Eliminating extra noise helps students with hearing impairments focus on the class lecture and assignments. Remember that hearing aids amplify every sound, including tapping pencils and air conditioners. Area rugs and heavy curtains can also eliminate a great deal of extraneous noise. Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early

Love and Divine Love Essay Example For Students

Love and Divine Love Essay Wine has the power to affect all organs, also manipulating the senses. Love affects every single body part as well, not a single hair strand able to miss the emotion that finds its way into the flesh and skin. A similar comparison is wine takes the shape of the container that it is in whether it be in the body or a cup. Thus, wine always comes in a cup, even in the Sura that describes wine in Paradise. Love takes on the shape of the lover and his receptiveness or preparedness for the emotion itself. These comparisons are illustrated in Ghazal 10 which speaks of a person who seems to be drunk walking around town with a flask in hand. As his curls disheveled, sweating, laughing shirt torn, the speaker has lost much of his self-control, losing mind and body. If replaced with love, one could easily see the speaker losing touch with the world as he dazes around intoxicated with such a high emotion. Similarly, in the last lines, one can picture the speakers flask being overfilled and spilling on the ground. As the wine cups smile have broken many vows of repentance, Hafiz had vows of repentance to be ready for the love. Yet his container so to speak, was not yet receptive or prepared. Once again, Hafiz draws a clear comparison between wine and love by mentioning an infidel to love if he will not worship wine. Yet at the same time, he states to not be a drunkard and be content with ones own material wealth: dont quibble with those who drink the dregs,/for on the eve of Creation this was all they gave us. The ascetic aspect of Sufism is referenced here to point out that drinking is only used metaphorically rather than explicitly. A basic Sufi concept is to rid the self of egoism to get to the level of fana. Wine has the ability to throw a person down from glory, from egotistical seats to becoming humble. Love has the same capacity; once in love, ones place in time and space is erased. In Hafizs Love Awakening, the speaker believes love to be an easy thing then realizes the awakening. A method that the speaker reached this conclusion is through the drinking of wine which is spoken of in the first two lines. Allowing wine upon the prayer-mat flow, the speaker gives up inhibition because he has began to realize the process of attaining love to be difficult. He knows the arduous path that he must follow by saying Its ways and manners well doth know. Yet he has lost his egoism by the last lines of the poem, stating Be lost at last to time and space. This represents the speakers loss of glory, from his state of believing to know the entire world to realizing that complications in the spiritual and sensual world do exist. At the same time, there is a difference drawn upon wine and love: Fill up, and pass it round the ring shows how easy it is to become intoxicated by wine. Yet the poems subject is the hardships of love and how difficult it is to attain true love. This contrast denotes how absurd it is to become intoxicated by wine when actual intoxication with Gods love is much more genuine. The element of humor is also similar with wine and love. There is the lifting of the veil of modesty and shame and the disappearance of self-esteem and apprehension. When the intoxication of love becomes overpowering, the lover turns away from all of these, sits in joy and pulls away from everything opposed to it. A case in point is Hafizs The Riddle of Life, the title revealing the element of love and Divine Love that is present in the poem. .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .postImageUrl , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:visited , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:active { border:0!important; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:active , .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab058e2889e853387c63f5a71963eb6b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the attitudes to love presented in the poems 'To His Coy Mistress', by Andrew Marvell, and 'Porphyria's Lover', by Robert Browning EssayIn the second stanza, the tavern-wench is personified as a lover, carrying many human traits such as arching eyebrows. Egoism once again comes about when this lover says So long as thou in all created things/seest but thyself the centre and the end, reprimanding the speaker for doing so. Although the readers poor heart in such a fashion spurns, he learns his lesson at the end by mentioning Hearken the wisdom of the tavern-daughter! After his mind and body are overpowered by the wine/love, he is able to sit back and overcome the sel f (similar to Love Awakening). Wine can also be replaced with Divine Love, as it is mentioned with the holy city of intoxication. God is already on his mind (the wine-cup on the wing), and then he wishes to reach God as it is similar to a state of ecstasy. . Wine can elate the spirit allowing the soul to take flight into higher realities. When intoxicated with Divine Love, one can forget the material world as it is. In summary, wine is the main subject of this poem, yet can be analyzed as love (which wine is personified as) and Divine Love (religion referred to in the ridding of the self and holy intoxication). Wine and the intoxication it brings are the image that expresses Divine Love in all its joyful abandon, painful longing, bewilderment, and surrender. Therefore, Hafiz used this image, but would not have been a hypocrite that consumed wine considering his religious background. With the words, The only wise course for me now/Is to depart bag and baggage for the tavern/And sit there happily./I must grasp the wine-cup/And avoid the society of the hypocrites, it seems like he is one of them, but instead he is embracing Divine Love in order to avoid the hypocrites that he speaks about. Yet while so many similarities exist, differences between wine and love show why being intoxicated with God rather than wine is much more preferable. Wine is only a comparison for love, but there are differences too. The debate can be countered by how absurd it is to be intoxicated physically when the intoxication of mystical unveiling is infinitely more real and desirable. Wine is complete ignorance and forgetfulness of all that is necessary. It shows the way of the descending degrees of remoteness and punishment to those who are far from God. Love is perfect awareness and consciousness of the Beloved. It increases elevation in the ascending degrees of proximity for those who are near to Him. Once reaching Paradise, one will drink with God and have dialogue with him as Hafiz does in Now that bowl at every flower:  Yesterday the Doctor of Divinity fell drunk  And proclaimed in a Fatwa  Although drinking is illegal  Living in an endowed institution is worse.  Wine is the reward to be enjoyed in Paradise. Yet it is the main mechanism to connect the spiritual and human worlds so that all can relate to Divine Love with the language of poetry.

System Analyst Essays - Systems Analysis, Systems Analyst

System Analyst Systems Analyst analyses, designs and implements the information gathered previously to a system, the final product which is a report of yearly sales, profits, etc. The first thing a Systems Analyst does is to interview the company which wants the report, (called the user) to find out what kind of report they want, format, etc. They must find whether the report is feasible or not, and to find out, they do an analysis of the project. To analyze the project, they must find out where are they going to get the information, how, when is the project going to be done, etc. They then design the system, which is to make a'skeleton' of the project. They write specifications, of what is to be in the final report. They do flowcharting, specifications for the programmers of the report, and development control. Development control is where the Systems Analyst works with the programmers along a critical path. A critical path is like a due date, if the report is to be done in thirty days, the Systems Analyst makes sure the report is done in thirty days. The Systems Analyst also follows the first analysis of when the project will be finished. The critical path also calculates how many man hours it will take to finish, etc. A critical path flowchart also helps the programmers along. After the development is finished and a prototype of the report is finished, the Systems Analyst helps the programmers in testing the program for bugs. This is similar to quality control. The Systems Analyst helps to makes sure the work is done until the final report is achieved. Once the final report is finished and free of bugs, it is sent to the user. The Systems Analyst has a big job to do, he/she is responsible for the design, the development, and implementation of the report, ie: what purpose will it serve, presentation, etc. The Systems Analyst creates and helps finish the final product, making all the specifications and charts for what is to be done. A Systems Analyst requires a computer science degree to get the job. He/She must have good analytical skills, (to be able to analyze for the report) good communication skills, and experience in programming is a help also. Basically a Systems Analyst is responsible for systems projects, from beginning to the end of a project, and they must implement the system to good use. The Systems Analyst then must follow up to make sure the program is running smoothly.

Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis

Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"painlessly putting individuals to death for merciful reasons, as when a doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patient.† (Beauchamp, Encarta) Leon Kass, a physician himself, believes that euthanasia is morally wrong. At the same time, if a patient voluntarily submits himself or herself to death, also known as voluntary euthanasia, can the physician be held responsible for murder, whereas if he was making the decision for someone who cannot make the decision, also known as non-voluntary euthanasia. At the same time, can it be that euthanasia is not morally wrong but yet, could be the saving grace for some people? The first part of the article Kass mentions about voluntary euthanasia and the belief that the doctors, out of respect for the patient, would be forced to abide by the requests of the patients. But yet in the next paragraph of the discussions, he mentions about non-voluntary euthanasia, and the pure belief that the doctor cannot make a decision based on medical terms. Yet Kass deems non-voluntary euthanasia to be completely illegal. If a person is suffering from massive internal bleeding and is bound to die, or is completely comatose for ten to fifteen years and shows no signs of change, why should a doctor be bound to treat these people, and our health-care professions be bound to keep these people alive, when there’s little to no hope for them. The choice must be used with regard and care for people surrounding the patient. Kass also makes recognition â€Å"about the healer cannot annihilate is he is truly a healer† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) as well as the comparison that a doctor can attempt to heal and very well end up killing the person. The reference that Kass makes is â€Å"Giving adequate morphine to control pain might induce respiratory depression leading to death.† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) If an attempt to heal a person would end up killing a ... Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis Free Essays on Leon Kass Essay Analysis Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"painlessly putting individuals to death for merciful reasons, as when a doctor administers a lethal dose of medication to the patient.† (Beauchamp, Encarta) Leon Kass, a physician himself, believes that euthanasia is morally wrong. At the same time, if a patient voluntarily submits himself or herself to death, also known as voluntary euthanasia, can the physician be held responsible for murder, whereas if he was making the decision for someone who cannot make the decision, also known as non-voluntary euthanasia. At the same time, can it be that euthanasia is not morally wrong but yet, could be the saving grace for some people? The first part of the article Kass mentions about voluntary euthanasia and the belief that the doctors, out of respect for the patient, would be forced to abide by the requests of the patients. But yet in the next paragraph of the discussions, he mentions about non-voluntary euthanasia, and the pure belief that the doctor cannot make a decision based on medical terms. Yet Kass deems non-voluntary euthanasia to be completely illegal. If a person is suffering from massive internal bleeding and is bound to die, or is completely comatose for ten to fifteen years and shows no signs of change, why should a doctor be bound to treat these people, and our health-care professions be bound to keep these people alive, when there’s little to no hope for them. The choice must be used with regard and care for people surrounding the patient. Kass also makes recognition â€Å"about the healer cannot annihilate is he is truly a healer† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) as well as the comparison that a doctor can attempt to heal and very well end up killing the person. The reference that Kass makes is â€Å"Giving adequate morphine to control pain might induce respiratory depression leading to death.† (ACS Committee of Ethics Essay) If an attempt to heal a person would end up killing a ...

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017

Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2017 By Mark Nichol The Oxford Dictionaries recently publicized its Word of the Year for 2017 and the runner-up shortlist, and the selections, and a comparison of them with those of Merriam-Webster, are intriguing. The Oxford Dictionaries (part of Oxford University Press) and Merriam-Webster, publishers of the predominant dictionaries in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively, select a Word of the Year (and a shortlist of runners-up) each year, as do other dictionary publishers, and the primary criterion for selection is the same: Visitors to the respective publishers’ online dictionaries looked up the chosen word, and those in the shortlist, significantly more often than most other words. (These words, not coincidentally, tend to reflect the sociopolitical zeitgeist and are likely to have lasting cultural significance.) Two aspects of the shortlists interested me. First, the two lists have no words in common. Second, although I read widely and I was familiar with the circumstances by which nearly all the words on both lists had become so prominent, I had not encountered most of the terms on the Oxford Dictionaries list, though the meanings for some of them are (for me, at least) easily deduced. The top word, according to the Oxford Dictionaries, is youthquake, which reflects the significance of an unexpectedly strong turnout of younger voters in the 2017 snap election in the United Kingdom and an election in New Zealand later in the year. The term, which refers to a significant change prompted by young people, was actually coined in 1965 by Diana Vreeland, then editor of Vogue magazine, but it has maintained a low profile over the past half-century- and similar rumblings have not occurred in the United States on anywhere near the same scale, hence the lack of a concurrent spike in popularity for the term on this side of the Pond. The same is true of most of the runners-up. One strong exception is antifa, a loanword from Germany- a truncation of Antifaschistische (antifascist) dating to before World War II and referring to militant leftist political demonstrators- because of the ubiquity of such protestors at demonstrations in the United States. However, broflake (meaning â€Å"a politically conservative man easily offended by progressive attitudes†) did not make much of an impression in the United States. (The term is a play on snowflake, which in a sociopolitical context refers pejoratively to supposedly oversensitive liberals by comparing them to a very delicate meteorological phenomenon; it substitutes snow with bro, originally neutral slang for brother but here connoting a boorish conservative man.) Nor did the related term â€Å"white fragility,† coined by American academic Robin DiAngelo in 2011 to refer to the general inability of white people to withstand confrontational discussions abou t racial equality. Other terms on the Oxford Dictionary shortlist include kompromat, a Russian loanword derived from â€Å"compromising material† and denoting sensitive personal information that can be used against a political opponent; newsjacking, meaning â€Å"taking advantage of news or current events to promote a brand or product†; and â€Å"milkshake duck,† meaning a social media star who prompts disillusionment when he or she is discovered to have a character flaw- an allusion to being charmed by an internet meme such as video of a duck drinking a milkshake, only to find out that the duck is a racist. Then there’s gorpcore, describing a fashion trend featuring utilitarian clothing associated with outdoor recreation; the term is a play on normcore, which denotes pointedly drab, plain attire and is based on the use of the element -core, derived from hardcore. (Gorp, perhaps deriving from a verb meaning eat greedily, is another word for â€Å"trail mix.†) Finally, unicorn, originally a word for a mythical horned horselike animal (the name literally means one horn), pertains to a product featuring rainbow colors, glitter, and/or other colorful enhancements designed to distract consumers from their mundane lives; the term derives from the prominence of such features in children’s toys and entertainment that feature unicorns. (This sense also supplants the use of unicorn to denote something so rare as to be virtually unobtainable, such as an ideal romantic or sexual partner.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 284

Assignment Example Persing, (2010), explains how to administer drugs when treating respiratory complications. Dosage calculations always follow the rule that; 1 milliliter of a one percent solution will always amount to ten milligrams (10mg) of solute. Drug calculations are imperative to establish the optimal levels of serum sodium, chloride, and potassium. The drugs administered to patients with respiratory complications have differing side effects. Patients must be consulted about existing medical conditions to identify the type of medication to be administered. Normal sodium levels range between 135-145 milliequivalents per liter of blood (mEq/L). Hyponatremia will result if the blood sodium levels are lower than 135mEq/L. Hypernatremia is the condition where the blood sodium level exceeds the 145mEq/L limit. Under both conditions; the cells swell up with excess water resulting in cell damage. Excess sodium can result in high blood pressure while inadequate sodium levels may impair the functioning of nerves and muscles. Normal chloride results range between 96 -106 mEq/L. Hyperchloremia occurs if the chloride level exceeds 106mEq/L, whereas hypochloremia results from extremely low levels (96mEq/L) of chloride. Both conditions result in an electrolyte imbalance within the body to cause an electrolyte disturbance. In addition, the transport of oxygen may also be affected under both conditions. The levels of potassium in the body vary with age. For adults, the levels range between 3.5 to 5.2mEq/L or 3.5 to 5.2 Milli-moles per Liter (mmol/L). High potassium levels result in hyperkalemia whereas low potassium levels result in hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia may lead to an irregular pulse whereby there is sudden collapse if the heartbeat is too slow. Under both conditions, the nervous system becomes slow and affects the efficient functioning of the